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Shihmen Dam
Shihmen Dam (Chinese: 石門水壩, also spelled Shimen or Shihman, literally ''Stone Gate Dam'') is a rock fill dam across the Dahan Creek in northern Taoyuan City. The dam's main purposes are water supply, flood control and hydroelectricity generation, and it holds the Shihmen Reservoir (石門水庫), Taiwan's third largest reservoir and artificial lake. Completed in 1964, the dam and reservoir now supply water to more than three million people in northern Taiwan. However, sedimentation issues have impacted and continue to threaten safe dam operations.
==Construction history==
Plans for a dam on the Dahan Creek were created as early as 1938 when Taiwan was under Japanese rule, but construction was stalled by the intervention of World War II. Preparations at the dam site started in July 1955 as a joint venture between the Republic of China and the United States. After several setbacks caused by flooding, the river was diverted into a tunnel in December 1960. The concrete cofferdam, later to serve as the core of the dam, was finished in 1962; notably, it was the first use of roller-compacted concrete in dam construction. This was immediately followed by placement of rockfill to form the main body of the dam. On May 15, 1963, the diversion tunnel was blocked and the reservoir began to fill. The embankment was topped out in June 1964, at a final cost of NT$ 4.85 billion. Approximately 7,500 people worked in the construction of the dam, with 32 fatalities and over 2,800 injuries.〔 The dam was dedicated on June 14, 1964 by Vice President Chen Cheng, to a crowd of more than four thousand.〔
Engineers estimated that the natural sedimentation rate would give the reservoir a useful life of at least 71 years without any sediment removal. However, just four months after the reservoir began filling, Typhoon Gloria struck Taiwan, and the resulting floods washed so much sediment into the reservoir that it took 23 years off its expected lifespan. As the reservoir filled, it also inundated several historic landmarks, including the former summer villa of Chiang Kai-shek, the Amuping Stone Bridge and a nearby Earth God shrine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Cultural Map of Taoyuan )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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